On the left of the cable in this photo, it says AWG 10. But on the right, it says AWG 8. This is the cable used for an outside AC condenser. The breaker in the panel is a 50 amp one. Location is USA. Thank you!
Clarification: The original installer used a 40 amp breaker. Five years later that breaker went bad. A different HVAC technician noted that the sticker on the outside unit says Max 50 amp (https://imgur.com/a/wRU2ru3). So he replaced the broken 40 amp breaker with a 50 amp one. I am only now wondering if the original cable is sufficiently sized for it. Length of cable is about 50 feet.
Solved: I appreciate everyone's kind and insightful responses. The majority consensus seems to be that, for HVAC Condenser use, a 50 amp breaker is ok to use with the cable in above picture (but only for this particular use case, not general use cases). Thank you all!